The effect of mineral fertilizers, agromeliorants and biological drugs on the productivity of sulfur root is considered in the article (Anethum graveolens L.).
The use of full mineral fertilizers increases the yield of the green mass of sulfur root by 191–242 g/m2, agromeliorants and biological drugs by 47–145 g/m2 with the total yield of the green mass of sulfur root in the fertilized variants 940–1046 g/m2 (greens) and 1335–1480 g/m2 (spice).
Net income of the use of agromeliorants and biological drugs in the sulfur root cultivation was 0.12–0.37 rubles/m2, full mineral fertilizer – 0.55–0.60 rubles/m2.
The assessment results of the effectiveness of chemical (Previkur Energy, WC) and microbiological (Fungilex, L) preparations in the technology of various varieties growing of bell (sweet) pepper in unheated spring-summer foil-covered ground greenhouses are presented. A high protective effect against fusarium rot with the combined use of chemical and microbiological preparations that help to reduce the infection of the crop by 68.8–85.8 % has been shown. The high economic efficiency of the combined use of the preparations, which allows maintaining up to 51 % of the total yield and obtaining a significant economic effect has been established.
The effectiveness of complex preparation usage based on the bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and synthetic phytohormones by spraying green crops at initial stages of their development is analyzed. It was found that a single treatment with the complex at a consumption rate of 0.2 ml/25 ml of water/m2 increases the nutritional value and reduces the content of nitrateions in the economically valuable part of the product. These results can find practical application when green crops are grown in protected ground conditions.
The research results on herbicides effect and their mixtures on the nutritional regime of the soil and elements removal of mineral nutrition of Beta vulgaris are given.
The assessment results of insecticide Karate Zeon, MKS against cabbage pests are provided. The insecticide showed high biological effectiveness against diamondback moth and cabbage butterfly (85.4–100 %) and cabbage moth (74.6 %) applied twice with a consumption rate of 0.1 l/ha.
The main diseases of winter garlic have been established. Clones with high disease resistance were identified.
The research results on the assessment of collection samples of winter garlic by biochemical composition are presented.
Samples with high levels of dry matter, vitamin C and soluble carbohydrates were isolated. Differences depending on the year of research between the variety samples were in the dry matter content: 1.4–1.6 times; vitamin C content: 1.9–2.0 times, soluble carbohydrates: 4.4–8.0 times.
Any deviations from optimal growing conditions can be a stress factor for sweet pepper, which leads to exhaustion and oppression of plants. Lighting options have been established that significantly increase the quantitative characteristics of plants and make it possible to obtain high-quality seedlings of sweet pepper under controlled conditions. It was found that LED lighting with a photon flux in the 400–800 nm wavelength range of 69.1 mmol/s (option 17) had a positive effect on the morphometric indicators of all studied genotypes, providing an increase in the indicator values by 26.2–100.3 %.
The research sindicate the presence of significant genotypic differences in the response of experimental sweet pepper plants to the aftereffect of LED illuminators. For each studied variety and hybrid, a lighting option was determined, the aftereffect of which contributed to the formation of more productive plants. The variant of illumination with a photon flux in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm at a level of 67.9 mmol/s and a spectral ratio R/B (red/blue) of 20.7 had a positive effect, determined by the cumulative effect of the aftereffect of LED lighting for all studied varieties and hybrids, for signs of productivity.
The evaluation results of 60 samples of garden root crops are presented. Samples with a complex of valuable features are highlighted. The material was selected for further breeding.
The results of the determination of nitrates in various phenological phases of plant development (seeds, seedlings, microgreens and products) in six types of leguminous vegetable crops (peas, beans, soybeans, chickpeas, lentil and mash) are presented in the article.
Comparative assessment of collectible sorted samples of common dill of different origin by phenological features and biometric indices is given. Forms with different earliness and biometric parameters of plants, which are in selection work as a starting material in the creation of new varieties, are distinguished.
A comparative characteristic of the phenology of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Belarus and neighboring countries, the effect of seed treatment with growth stimulants on the initial stages of growth and the presence of flavonoids is presented, the photograph is presented for the first time and diagnostic anatomical signs of the structure of a young root are described. It is shown that the seed germination energy does not reach 50 %. Soaking them in Zircon, Energen and Raduga preparations increases this indicator by 10.0–16.7 %, stimulates root elongation by 1.5 times compared to control, but does not affect the length of the hypocotyl.
Based on the research conducted under the conditions of Non-Black Earth, the content of mineral substances in the leaves of ramson it was found that chemical elements can accumulate in leaves at various concentrations. The characteristics of the content of the main essential elements in ramson are given: potassium, calcium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium and manganese. The possibility of eating ramson leaves as a source of high potassium content has been proven. It was established that there are inter-port differences in the content of microelements in ramson in the row after the sixth rank: manganese is contained twice as much in a sample from Smolensk region.
The laboratory assessment of the antifungal activity of gg. Bacillus and Pseudomonas soil bacteria is presented in the article. The degrees of growth and development inhibition (colonies growing-up, sporogenesis intensity) against Fusarium wilt and gray mold causal agents of tomato were analyzed. The fungistatic effect of all studied B. subtilis strains (8, 8-1, 4k31, 494) on the growth and sporulation of pathogens was established. The strains of Bacillus subtilis (8 and 8-1) and the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, which are of interest as antagonists of the causative agents of both fusarium and botrytiosis, have been isolated. They can be used to develop, on their basis, preparations with complex action, classified as environmentally safe plant protection products.
The test results of mineral fertilizers in growing of prickly lettuce are presented. It was established that the use of mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on improving biochemical parameters and increasing yield by 4.4–17.0 %.
The test results of mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers growing prickly lettuce in open and protected ground are presented.
Application of liquid mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers under various conditions contributes to yield increase in head forms by 9.8–10.4 %, in leaf forms by 47.6–60.0 %.
The analysis about the state of protected ground vegetable growing and the structure of areas in Belarus is presented in the article. The information of the volume of vegetable production in recent years and its ratio depending on the region is given.
The research results on the effect of extracurricular feeding on the biochemical composition of fruit and yield growing tomato in protected ground are presented in the article. It was found that the use of mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on the biochemical composition of tomato fruit, contributes to an increase in yield depending on the variety and rotation by 6.3–16.3 %.
The assessment of sowing dates and variety (hybrid) of garden carrots influence on the incidence of root rot during the storage period was carried out. The preference of garden carrot sowing in the third decade of May – the first decade of June has been experimentally proved. The effectiveness of these sowing dates in reducing the infestation of brown spot has been established. The most good-keeper varieties and hybrids of garden carrots were identified. The susceptibility of the research varieties and hybrids to white (sclerotiniose) and black (alternariose) rot is differentiated.
The research results of the influence of meteorological conditions and irrigation on the value of minimum moisture-holding soil capacity, irrigation rate, irrigation rate and the number of irrigation of garlic plants are presented in the article.
The research results of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the content of nitrate nitrogen, labile phosphorus and potassium on garlic yield with drip watering in the soil during the growing season are presented in the article.
The research results of garden bean samples (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to anthracnose resistance using seedlings and molecular testing for the Co-14, Co-2, Co-4, Co-6 genes were presented. Roll method and Petri dishes were used for the seedlings analysis. The most reliable data were obtained using Petri dishes. Promising bean samples (Saksa bez volokna 615 and Laura) were identified based on seedlings analyzes for anthracnose resistance and DNA-markers.
The results of a three-year comparative assessment of promising mutant lines of different generations and their initial varieties of garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) created at the Belarusian State University by a complex of valuable breeding traits in field and laboratory conditions are presented. The biometric parameters of plants were studied: survival, elements of seed productivity and their correlations. The influence of the year of plant cultivation, the genotype of the variety and the mutant on the variability of traits is noted. For individual samples, rare components of the spectra of storage proteins, as well as different reactions of genotypes in the incidence of seedlings when exposed to seeds of a spore suspension of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, were established. The results of DNA labeling of genomes of experimental forms for 4 genes (Co-14, Co-2, Co-4, Co-6 and their alleles), which determine plant resistance to anthracnose, are presented.
The production technology is described in the article and the effect of technological operations on the quality of coconut substrates is disclosed. Experimental and practical data on greenhouse yield growing on coconut substrate are summarized. Advantages and disadvantages of using coconut substrates in low volume culture are described.
The brief history of the creation and development of Republican Unitary Enterprise «The Institute for Vegetable Growing» as the first specialized scientific institution for vegetable growing in Belarus is presented. The ways of scientific research and achievements of the Institute in different periods are described.
Technological and agronomic features of using drainage drains of greenhouses and greenhouse farms using low-volume crop growing technology are shown. The analysis results of drainage effluents during rose cultivation in the greenhouse of CPUE «Mogilevzelenstroy» are given. Conclusions and recommendations on introduction of nutrient solutions for watering plants in open ground are given.
The analysis of statistical data reflecting the production of vegetables in the world and the Republic of Belarus is presented in the article. The comparative characteristics and structure of vegetable production in farms of various categories are given. The main reasons for the high share of vegetable production in households and the factors of its decline are indicated. The features of domestic vegetable growing are considered and its dependence on imports is revealed. The problems of vegetable growing as one of the areas of economic activity are identified and ways to solve them are proposed. The development of vegetable growing in modern conditions is suggested.
