The effect of mineral fertilizers, agromeliorants and biologic drugs on the productivity of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is considered in the article. It has been established that the use of mineral fertilizers increases the yield of green mass by 137–374 g/m2, agromeliorants by 69–164 g/m2, biological drugs by 98–128 g/m2 with the total yield of green mass of dill smelling in fertilized variants 971–1238 g/m2.
It has been established that the nitrate content within the standards ensured the introduction of nitrogen in doses not exceeding N60 on the background of P50K80.
The results of combining ability investigation by the main features of yield (early productivity, marketable yield, total yield and mass of marketable fruit) are presented in the article. It has been established that Line-4, varieties Nikola and Irishka can be used as donors of high early yield; Nikola, Line-2, Line 19/0, Line TX-140, Line TX-144 are the sources of high commodity and total productivity. It is advisable to include Line 19/0, Line 19/3, Line-9, Line TX-144, Line B-3-1-8 in the breeding process to obtain plants with large fruits. Hybrid combinations with the Line B-3-1-8 are described by high specific combining ability in complex of studied characteristics.
The effect of mineral fertilizers on the content of nitrates and the yield of the green mass of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), borago (Borago officinalis L.), blue fenugreek (Trigonella caerulea (L.) Ser.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss) are considered.
When cultivating basil, borago and dill, the best yield of green mass when nitrates are kept within the standard is obtained by making N60, coriander, lettuce and parsley –N60+30, fenugreek blue – N40 against the background of the use of phosphorus and potash fertilizers.
Yield of green mass of basil in the recommended variants was 2.20 kg/m2, borago – 0.91, blue fenugreek – 1.54, dill – 1.07, coriander – 1.37, lettuce – 2.85 and parsley – 2.06 kg/m2.
The effects of hormonal growth regulators contents changes on in vitro culture of carrot with various phenotypes of male sterility are presented. The optimal concentrations of the hormones 6-benzylaminopurin and ά-naphthylacetic acid, necessary for the direct production of regenerants from sections of the vegetative or generative organs of carrot seed plants, were identified. The most responsive to in vitro cultivation phenotype with the petaloid type of male sterility of the flower was isolated from the Romance F1 sample.
The features of biodiagnostics of ecological stability of agroecosystem based on biological diversity of organic substance of agrocenosis are presented in the article. The content of organic matter and mobile forms of phosphorus, exchange potassium and nitrogen in the soil was directly dependent on the weight of black liquid application, straw, break crops, cultivated in pairs, fervently and cozy, both separately and together with mineral fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers, when applied to the soil together with different types of organic fertilizers and separately increased the number and weight of weeds on all versions of the studies carried out. At the same time the values of number and weight of weeds on variants with green-manured fallow and black liquid application exceeded these values in variants of occupied steam by 4.3–12.7 %. The introduction of 40 t/ha of manure instead of wheat straw of winter beet increased the number and weight of weeds in green-manured fallow agrocenosis by 13 and 17 %, respectively, while in the occupied steam versions black liquid application and straw proved to be practically equivalent to agricultural techniques. The use of break crop biomass in steam and rearing, as well as barley straw on green-manured fallow variants, resulted in 13–15 % increase in weeds numbers compared to steam-occupied crop rotation, and their masses by 15–16 % respectively.
The evaluating results of the effectiveness of different schemes of chemical (Previkur Energy, WC) and microbiological (Fungileks, L) preparation use in the technology of growing various tomato hybrids in plastic greenhouses are presented in the article. High biological and economic efficiency of the integrated use of chemical and biological agents is shown. It has been established that the combined use of the chemical and microbiological preparations can reduce the extension of tomato fusariosis and increase the crop yield.
The research results of biochemical composition and safety of sweet pepper fruits in the extended culture of winter greenhouses, depending on the variety and hybrid are presented in the article. The most valuable samples among those are Bieber F1, Chickа F1 and Nassau F1. Correlation analysis established a close direct relationship between the content of dry matter and total sugars.
The annual reproduction of tomato hybrid seeds is associated with high manual labor cost. Manual labor costs can be reduced by using self-sterile tomato varieties that do not require castration of flowers. Particular attention is paid to the creation of tomato hybrids with delayed ripening of fruits, which allows extending the flow of fresh products to the consumer. This article presents research materials on economically valuable traits in 2012–2013. Phenological features were studied and productivity indices of tomato hybrids were evaluated. The original maternal line 19/5 in 2013 and one hybrid combination in 2014 were transferred to the State Seed Inspection Agency under the names Strela and Mikhalych F1. They are characterized by high early maturity, commercial and total yield and fruit weigh.
The information on the diversity of genetic resources bank of vegetable crops collected and studied in the RUE «The Institute of Vegetable Growing», as well as their rational use in breeding practice is provided in the article.
The research results of the effect of foliage feeding of cabbage seed plants from rosette plants with carbamide on morphometric indicators, yield, fractional composition and sowing quality of seeds are presented in the article.
The research results of evaluating varieties of white cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, red cabbage and savoy cabbage according to a set of economic traits are presented in the article. The research results will be used in breeding work.
The evaluation of technical equipment, structures area and depreciation fund forming of winter greenhouses is conducted. The goals and directions of further development of greenhouse complex for the Republic of Belarus that would increase technological and economical efficiency of its operation is established.
The complex evaluation of leaf apparatus formation and physiological state of root system of lettuce plants for growing in winter greenhouses using flow hydroponics method in different conditions of supplementary lighting is performed.
The research results has shown that the application of soil mulching biodegradable film ecovio M2351 in cucumber cultivation provides the effective control against weeds, has a positive effect on yield increase of both early and general products.
Garlic varieties are characterized by limited range. When they are cultivated in other soil-climatic zones, significant changes in morphological and biological traits, which often leads to a decrease in the quantity and quality of the bulb harvest are seen. Selection is one of the priority areas of varieties research and identification of samples among them, having plasticity to changing environment conditions.
The research of the winter garlic collection revealed differences between varieties and clones in biometric parameters, yield.
It has been found that the greatest equalization is characteristic of the traits «height of the plant», «length of leaves» and «number of leaves». The difference between the minimum and maximum value for «false stem height» was 2.41 times. Among the collection samples, the difference in bulb weight was 3.2–3.4 times. For selection work and practical vegetable growing, the varieties Polessky souvenir, clone 1010, variety Svetlagorskiy, having high yield, a significant number of teeth in the bulb and their mass are of interest. In order to obtain a sufficient amount of planting material by increasing the breeding coefficient, promising samples of winter garlic have been identified.
Therefore, selection work with garlic is aimed primarily at expanding and improving methods of creating raw material experimentally.
The research results on coloristic evaluation and content of carotene in different varieties and species of marigold (Tagetes L.): spreading marigold (Tagetes patula L.), African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.); thin-leaved marigold (Tagetes tenuifolia Cav.) are presented.
It has been established that the wide color range of the inflorescences of the studied different varieties and species of marigold allows the use coloration of inflorescences for further breeding work on the creation of new varieties of Tagetes L.
The maximum concentration of carotene is observed in most orange and marooncolored samples (328–639 mg/kg); minimum (71–107 mg/kg) – in marigold plants with white and yellow color of inflorescences.
The results of diagnostics of powdery mildew of garden carrot and red beet are presented. Powdery mildew is a new disease of these crops grown in the Republic of Belarus.
The data of powdery mildew damage of collecting and selection varieties of garden carrot and red beet are given. Differences in disease incidence degree have been noted and it has been established that the degree of incidence of powdery mildew variety samples of carrot and beet depends on the genotype of the variety sample.
The diseases which affect garden carrot and red beet root. in storage are shown in the article. The following diseases were differentiated on garden carrot roots: white rot, grey rot, black rot or Alternaria blight, Phoma rot, bacterial rot; on red beet root – white rot, grey rot, black mold, Phoma rot, brown heart.
The results of diseases prevalence of garden carrot and red beet roots in storage are presented in the article. The diseases prevalence of roots varied depending on varieties and growing conditions.
The results of investigation, adaptive capaсity and stability assessment of sweet pepper are presented. Hybrid combinations Line 160/10´Line 4511, Line 4511´Line 160/10, Line 4511´Orangevoe naslagdenie, Line 80´Line 4511, Chocoladnaya krasavitsa´Line 4511 consistently showed high values of yield characteristics. Samples with improved fruit quality under various environmental conditions include: Line 4511´Line 140/0, Line 4511´Cherny krasavets, Line 80´Line 4511. Genotypes with the optimal combination of high yield, fruit quality, adaptive capasity were identified: Line 4511´Line 160/10, Line 4511´Chocoladnaya krasavitsa, Chocoladnaya krasavitsa´Line 4511, Line 140/0´Line 4511.
The results of 60 samples assessment of edible roots are presented. The samples with a complex of valuable features are highlighted. Material was selected for further selection.
As a result of individual family selection, it was found that all families based on the S-cytoplasm of onions from the Scarb litvinov sample and three quarters of families based on the N-cytoplasm of the Vetraz sample contained open pollinated plants bear families with more than 80 % seed germination rate. The families grown from them were divided according to their ability to form a bulb crop in one-year culture. The group with the maximum yield of large bulbs exceeding the best control (from Medusa F1 sample) included five descendant families from 3 of 5 source families with S-cytoplasm and the offspring of self-pollination of a single plant with N-cytoplasm.
The three years research results on the creation of new lines of root parsley, parsnip and dill to create varieties and hybrids with high potential productivity and environmental sustainability are presented in the article. The lines are characterized by high parameters of adaptability, stability and plasticity according to economically valuable quantitative and qualitative traits.
The research results of yield estimation of 26 fall-bearing types of garden strawberry are presented. Varity Elizabeth 2 proved to be high-yielding. The group of medium-yielding varieties include Geneva, Moskovskiy delicates and Irma. Relatively stable yield over the years of study were defined in varieties Irma, Princess Diana, Nagooko, Brighton, Lyubava, Vima Rina. Under the meteorological and soil conditions of the north-east of Belarus, a common disadvantage of the fall-bearing strawberry varieties is bad winter hardiness due to the long second fruitage and bad plants preparation for winter conditions.
The main economically valuable traits of new varieties of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), which are included in the State Register of Varieties of the Republic of Belarus, are considered and studied.
The average yield of the green mass of the oregano variety Greta was 185–190 dt/ha at the mass of one plant 260–280 g, variety Rozovaya feya – 170–180 dt/ha and 250–260 g, variety Zavirukha – 180–185 dt/ha and 260–270 g.
New varieties of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) are characterized by a complex of morphometric, morphological and phenological characteristics and are recommended for use in agricultural production and for household cultivation.
The laboratory estimation of the antifungal activity of p. Streptomyces strains is presented in the article. The degrees of growth and development inhibition (colonies growing-up, spore formation intensity) against three fusarium species: F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. sulphureum were analyzed. The strains (17s and 84) are of promising interest as antagonist of fusarium casual agents. They also can be used as a base for the development of a new preparations related to the environmentally safe plant protectants.
The researches were conducted to study the influence of growing conditions at different times and methods of sowing on the parameters of productivity, environmental stability of varieties of cabbage headed and leaf lettuce. A different reaction to varieties of a change in environmental conditions was revealed, yield and their stability was determined. Between genotypes, a significant differentiation was observed in terms of the degree of response to environmental conditions. The genotypes combining high productivity and stability – varieties of the cabbage headed kind Valkiriya, Assol, Orpheus, Polina are of breeding value. Among the leaf lettuce varieties are Kredo, Kabuki, Svetozar, Abracadabra.
The research results of yield and winter hardiness of collection varieties of winter garlic, selected as result of expeditionary survey of the territory of Belarus are presented in the article. During the assessment of breeding material, a different reaction to winter garlic samples of changing agroclimatic conditions was revealed.
Based on the obtained results, promising samples are identified that have high winter hardiness and yeild that can be used for breeding work and in production conditions.
Grey mold (causative agent Botrytis cinerea Pers.) is a common disease of pepper and tomato crops. The pathogen belongs to the group of necrotrophic parasites, does not have specificity, which makes it difficult to create resistant varieties of the Solanaceae crops. The improved technique of artificial infection and the modified scale of assessment of defeat allow to differentiate tomato and pepper genotypes according to their resistance degree.
The results of incidence and harmfulness of rots of garden carrot root crops evaluation at storage in vegetable storages of the republic with the disease symptoms description are presented in the article. The analysis of occurrence frequency is done and it is determined that the dominant disease of garden carrot root crops during storage is white rot, the share of which makes 67.3–72.2 % from the total number of infected root crops. New rots caused by genus Rhizoctonia are revealed.
The research results of microelements and soil dressing effect on watermelon planting during the whole period of vegetation of this variety are presented, as well as the effect of microelements on growth, vines development and number of leaves, fruits yield and marketability are shown.
The research has established that in the conditions of the central zone of the Republic of Belarus high squash fruits yield and marketability were obtained during the introduction of complex organomineral granular fertilizers based on peat into the main soil filling.
The data on the effect of humate-containing liquid fertilizers on the yield, quality and morphometric parameters of cucumber in open ground are presented in the article.
From spontaneous interspecific hybrid of nutmeg and vining squash (♀ Cucurbita moshata D. – Belarusian nutmeg ´ ♂Cucurbita maxima D. – Golden Crown) by the method of individual and family selection created interspecific varieties of bush pumpkin and climbing habitus, with orange, pink, red color of fruit bark garden and technical purposes.
The analysis of the state of vegetable production in the Republic of Belarus by categories of farms and crops types for the period 2014–2018 is presented in the article.
The main directions for winter greenhouses modernization in order to reduce the energy intensity of greenhouse production are described in the article.
Male sterile carrot breeding material from the domestic variety Lyavoniha has been studied in connection with the prospects of hybrids F1 creation. Some seed plants in families of freely pollinated brown-type male sterile plants manifested petaloid or brown types of male sterility. A uniform manifestation of the petaloid male sterility in offspring from apomictic seeds from a petaloid plant was established. The selection of sister forms was carried out according to economically valuable characteristics: uniform root crops, typical root market class crop, seeds set, apomictic seeds set.
The state of vegetable growing in the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and the prospects for its development in the near future are reveals in the article.
The state of trade relations between countries is analyzed. Issues of import substitution of vegetables, products of their processing and components of technology are touched upon.
The volumes of export deliveries of vegetables and products of their processing by the Republic of Belarus to the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union and the balance in the trade in vegetables between these countries in the period from January to July 2019 are analyzed.
A set of measures is given for the formation of a balanced vegetable market, ensuring their economic accessibility in the territory of the Union members.
