The results of the study on the chemical composition and removal of the nutrients of green, aromatic and essential-oil plants are presented (basil, big-root crane, black mustard, oregano, hyssop, lavender, garlic chives, tree onion, peppermint, borage, blue fenugreek, common rue).

As a result of the research, the content of the main macro- and microelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron) in the products of the studied plants, as well as indicators of their normative removal, were established.

The article presents the results of a research work on the parameters of combining ability based on early, total yield and fruit weight. Significant differences in the effects of general combining ability and specific combining ability of male and female parent forms were revealed for most of the studied characteristics. High values were shown by the lines Devyatka, Lara, Jalapeno, Agdas and testers Cain, Ezhik. For heterosis breeding in order to create highyielding hybrids, it is recommended to use the female parent lines Devyatka, Lara, Jalapeno, Agdas and male parent forms Cain, Ezhik. 

Justified the bubble sheet underlaying for soil thermal insulation in winter greenhouses when growing cucumber. Recommended technological method provides an increase in cucumber yield in February and March when compared to conventional method (underlaying with a plastic sheet). 

Genotypic differences in the response of experimental tomato plants to the aftereffect of LED lighting of different spectral composition were revealed. It has been experimentally proven that the aftereffect of LEDs had mainly an inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the fruits of the Zorka tomato variety. The Cherry Coral variety showed depletion of these compounds by 39 and 34 % only in the 20th variant of the experiment, while the other variants, on the contrary, showed an increase in their content by 6–40 % and 13–22 %, respectively. This work was supported by the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research under contract № Б21-069. 

The results of a comparative study of the effect of membrane-forming components – Gisinar, PVA, VR-1 and NaCMC during seed encrustation in combination with treatment of the microelement stimulator Nanoplant-8 made as part of a field experiment with a 13-variant scheme in doses of 1, 3 and 5 ml/ kg on the content of carotenoids, dry substances, free organic acids, soluble sugars and the sugar-acid index in garden carrot rootcrops are presented. The most pronounced positive effect on product quality in all biochemical characteristics was the use of a Nanoplant at a dose of 5 ml/kg together with the treatment of seeds with Gisinar and, to a larger extent, NaCMC, while the least was the use of a minimum dose of a stimulant, together with the treatment of NaCMC. 

The article presents the results of a comparative study of the effect of membrane-forming components – Gisinar, PVA, WS-1 and NaCMC during seed encrustation in combination with treatment of the microelement stimulator Nanoplant-8 in doses of 1, 3 and 5 ml/kg on the content of dry substances, free organic acids, soluble sugars and the sugar-acid index in beet rootcrops, performed as part of a field experiment with a 13-variant scheme.

The most pronounced positive effect on the quality of root crops in terms of the studied biochemical characteristics, such as organic acids and soluble sugars, was achieved through the use of Nanoplant at a dose of 5 ml/kg. At the same time, the most effective was the use of WS-1 with the lowest efficiency in most cases of seed treatment with Nanoplant at a dose of 3 ml/kg. 

The results of a comparative research of the influence of two sowing dates of daikon seeds – July 15 and July 25 on the accumulation of solids, ascorbic and free organic acids, soluble sugars and the sugar-acid index in the root crops of 4 varieties – Gastinets (standard), Vsesezonny, Mantangong and hybrid 15/02. The highest acceptability for the varieties Gastinets, Vsesezonny and Mantangong of an earlier seed sowing period was established, which provided a 5–51 % higher product quality in terms of its biochemical characteristics, especially in terms of the accumulation of vitamin C and soluble sugars, compared with a later sowing date, which turned out to be the most optimal for hybrid 15/02, which determined the highest yield of soluble sugars in its production. 

Comparison of studies of Allium-type apomixis in onions, the level of ploidy of onion species of the Belarusian flora due to the presence of air bulblits in the inflorescence led to the conclusion that apomixis plays an role in the development of onion species and its underutilized in the breeding and seed production of onion. This concerns the possibility of obtaining linear material similar to the mother plant in apomictic forms, by analogy with Allium tuberossum Rottl., for hybrid breeding.

This paper shows that the combination of warm winter storage, seedling method and selection in the cultivation of spring garlic in Smolevichi district allows to get larger bulbs next year and increase the number of large bulbs in the crop, compared with planting cloves in the ground in spring, which may reflect clinal variability. 

The study results of the formation of the leaf apparatus by microgreens of garden peas, depending on the intensity of LED lighting – 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mcM/m²·sec. When estimating the length and width of the leaf, calculating the index and the area of the leaf, as well as the area of the total leaf surface on the 10^th day of growing microgreens, it was found that the most formed leaves were samples of garden peas grown under LED lighting with an intensity of 100 mcM/m²·sec. While plants grown at an intensity of 200 mcM/m²·sec and experimental intensities of 50 and 150 mcM/m²·sec had lower biometric indicators of the microgreens leaf apparatus. 

In the comparative testing nursery, 5 hybrid combinations of the eighth generation F₈ were studied and described according to phenological, biometric, economic and yielding characteristics. A wide range of fluctuations was established in the height of the plant and the attachment height of the lower bean, the number of beans and seeds from the plant, the mass of seeds from the plant and 1 000 seeds, the grain yield of the studied cultivars. Based on the conducted experiments, X-20 and M.П.-20 varieties were identified by biometric characteristics, K-20 and A-20 varieties by economic and price characteristics, and A-20, K-20 and X-20 varieties by the marketable grain output and yield. 

The results of a comparative study of the genotypic features of the accumulation of solids, ascorbic and free organic acids, soluble sugars, as well as the indicator of the sugar acid index in samples of microgreens of 10 varieties of vegetable peas – Pavlusha, Beloruskiy ovochnoy, Prelado, Feya, Prometey, Voronezhskiy zeleny, Radovan, Tornado, Kuyavyak, as well as Slodych, selected as a reference object. The leading position in the taxonomic series of the Kuyavyak variety was established, characterized by an excess of 187 % of the reference level of the totality of the set indicators, while the Feya variety was marked by its lowest values, practically comparable to the reference ones, while the Beloruskiy ovochnoy variety lagged behind the latter by 14 %. 

The results of a comparative study of the genotypic features of the formation of photosynthetic pigments fund in samples of microgreens of 10 varieties of vegetable peas – Slodych, Pavlusha, Beloruskiy ovochnoy, Prelado, Feya, Prometey, Voronezhskiy zeleny, Radovan, Tornado, Kuyavyak. It was found that the most saturated stock of photosynthetic pigments was characterized by samples of microgreens of the Feya and to a lesser extent Radovan and Prelado varieties, while the most depleted were samples of microgreens of the Kuyavyak variety. 

The results of the study of the production and biometric indicators of garden peas in the culture of microgreens, depending on the intensity of LED lighting – 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mcM/m²·sec are presented. A significant dependence of the quantitative characteristics of the studied features (length, width, index, leaf area, total leaf surface area, sprout length and phytomass from the plot) has been established depending on the intensity of LED lighting. The leading position in the experiment on the integral level of production and biometric indicators of microgreens of garden peas belonged to the variant with 100 mcM/m²·sec lighting. At the same time, the variants with 250, 50 and 150 mcM/m²·sec illumination were inferior to the leading variant by 1.7, 1.6 and 1.3 times, respectively, which allowed them to be recognized as ineffective. 

The article presents the research results of the assessment of the effect of complex mineral fertilizers on biochemical indicators and yield when growing cucumbers in protected ground.

A positive effect on improving biochemical indicators and increasing cucumber yield by 8.1–11.2 % in the first and 11.6–23.3 % in the second rotation was found. 

Using molecular marking methods at the stages of evaluating splitting populations and selecting pairs for crossings, a linear material and tomato F₁ hybrids for open ground were created with a complex of alleles that provide an increased accumulation of a certain composition of carotenoids (tangerine, Beta, old gold crimson) and anthocyanins (Ant1), as well as resistance to some of pests (Mi-1.2), fungal (I-2, Cf-4, Cf-9, Ph-3) and viral (Tm-2, Sw 5b, Sw 421) infections. Methods were adapted and DNA typing of alleles of fruit quality genes and resistance genes was carried out. Lines and F₁ hybrids containing alleles of valuable traits in combination with high yield and early maturity have been identified. 

The article focuses on the gradually growing problem of the spread and harmfulness of phytophages (fam. Tripidae) in cabbage agrocenoses under the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Against the background of complex bioecological aspects of population development in crop plantings, taking into account their negative impact on the qualitative parameters of the crop, sufficient biological efficacy of Eforia, CS was established at the level of 51.7–79.8 % and 50.0–84.2 % as a result of double use with a consumption rate of 0.35 and 0.4 l/ha, respectively. Due to the annual aggravation of the entomological situation, there was a need to form an assortment of effective means for protecting cabbage from phytivorous thrips. 

The research results of the main economically valuable signs of the local population and а new original Borago officinalis L. variety are presented.

As a result of the research, the main morphological, morphometric and phenological features of the studied borago plants, indicators of their productivity and quality were established.

The average yield of the green mass of the new Blakit variety of borago was 60–80 dt/ha with a seed yield of 6.0–8.0 dt/ha and 17.8–18.0 % of crude protein content in the potion of green mass and 21.4–21.9 % in the seeds. 

The article presents the assessment of the antifungal activity of g. Trichoderma Pers. fungi and gg. Bacillus and Pseudomonas bacteria according to the degree of growth inhibition of the causative agent of carrot white rot in pure culture conditions. The fungistatic effect of all studied species and strains of bacteria and fungi on the growth of pathogen was established. The strains of B. subtilis 494, the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida M, as well as Trichoderma viride 408 and Trichoderma koningii which are of interest as antagonists of the causative agent of scleritinia have been obtained. They can be used to develop preparations with complex action which classified as environmentally safe plant protection products. 

The results of research on the evaluation of the collection material of green beans according to phenological characteristics and productivity indicators are presented. On the basis of the data obtained, differences between the varieties of bush and climbing forms were revealed in terms of the duration of the phenological phases and productivity in the phase of technical maturity. Varieties that can be used in further breeding work have been identified according to a set of characteristics. 

Results of assessment of winter garlic varieties based on winter hardiness and main productivity traits are presented. The most promising varieties with high winter hardiness and yield have been selected for further breeding work. 

The article presents the research results on the influence of micro-fertilizers on fruits biochemical composition and tomato yield when growing tomatoes in protected ground.

Micro-fertilizers use with iron in chelate form has a positive effect on the biochemical composition of tomato fruits, increases the yield by 0.8–0.85 kg/m² depending on the variety and rotation. 

The interaction of isolates of the causative agent of botrytiosis with microorganisms in vitro was studied. The antagonistic effect of bacteria of the genus Bacillus and fungi of the genera Trichoderma and Chaetomium in relation to the phytopathogen was shown. The data obtained indicate that it is promising to continue scientific research in this area in order to create effective biological means of protection against botrythiosis in cultivated plants. 

The article presents the study results of the effect of biological preparations, fungicides and micro-fertilizers used during the growing season of the crop, contributing to the increase of the storability of root crops with biological efficacy against sclerotiniosis up to 99.8 %, from a complex of diseases – up to 100.0 %, with the yield of commercial carrot-roots up to 99.4 %, as well as biological preparations used by processing root crops before storing, where the biological efficiency index reached 88.8 % with respect to sclerotiniosis and 100.0 % – from a complex of diseases with the yield of commercial products up to 96.5 %. 

The two-year results of field experiments on the influence of doses of microfertilizers in the cultivation of watermelon are presented. It has been established that the doses of Cu 15+15 and Zn 5+5 micro-fertilizers used with N₈₀P₆₀K₁₂₀Mg₁₀ dose had the greatest effect on increasing the yield of watermelon fruits by 5.7–6.0 dt/ha or 16–17 %. 

As a result of the experiments, it was revealed that in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus, a high yield and marketability of cabbage heads was obtained with the basal application of complex organic mineral granular fertilizers into the soil. 

The article presents a two-year study of growing a tomato hybrid in the area damaged by the Chernobyl nuclear accident, using container technology with substrates for filling bottomless cylinders with a size of 7 liters, providing an increase in their yield and quality by reducing nitrates and heavy metals. 

The article presents the results of assessment study on the morphological features of various types of mint (pepper, spear, water, horse, pennyroyal, apple, ginger, villous, crisped-leaved, broad-leaved, wild).

In the conditions of the north-east of the Republic of Belarus, the morphological features of the vegetative and generative organs of mint samples have been described in detail, allowing for their identification. Traits for the selection of new peppermint varieties that meet the criteria of novelty and distinctiveness have been identified and recommended. 

The historical development of vegetable seed production on the territory of Belarus is described. Despite the long history of seed production of vegetable crops traditional for Belarusian lands, significant results in the seed production were obtained after a number of organizational measures in the 20–30s of the 20th century in the USSR: adoption of a decree on seed production, a resolution on selection and seed production, creation of a specialized research institute. There had been a degradation of vegetable seed production from the beginning of the 80s, which was aggravated with the collapse of the USSR and the destruction of the existing system of production and supply of seeds. Today Belarus has a system for creating varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops, their primary seed production (production of original seeds) and their introduction into production, as well as the sale of seeds, but the key link is missing – the production of reproductive seeds and planting material of vegetable crops. In this regard, there is an urgent need to develop a strategy to provide producers with quality vegetable seeds at affordable prices. 

The crucial technologies used in «digital greenhouses» have been studied. Theoretical and practical data on the peculiarities of the high technologies use in the cultivation of vegetable products under controlled conditions are summarized.