The results of research on the use of various types of agromeliorants (saponite-containing basaltic tuffs, glauconite, wood ash) in the cultivation of green beans and blue fenugreek on sod-podzolic loam soil are presented.
When applying saponite-containing basaltic tuffs, the best agronomic efficiency is obtained with their use in a dose of magnesium Mg40 on the background of a complete mineral fertilizer.
In the cultivation of the studied leguminous vegetable crops, the use of glauconite (600 kg/ha) and wood ash (500 kg/ha) on the background of NPK provided a significant increase in the yield of marketable products.
An optimized technology for microbioagents introduction into a mineral wool substrate, which consists in the sequential multiply application of microbiopreparations with different alternation patterns in reduced consumption rates, makes it possible to increase their biological and economic efficiency. An increase in the suppressiveness of mineral wool substrates ensures the phytopathological stabilization and makes it possible to achieve biological efficiency in the cucumber root rot control of 73.1–89.7 % and to keep the crop yield at the level of 5.8–17.4 %.
The article presents the data on the genetic resources collection of cabbage obtained and studied in RUE «Institute for Vegetable Growing», and its practical use in selection practice as well.
The article presents the study results on the influence of terms and standards of the herbicide Gesagard, CS application on the weed infestation of crops and the yield of dill seeds.
The results of the use of a biopreparation EMULPAR 940, CS against aphids on white cabbage.
Biopreparation EMULPAR 940, CS when applied at a rate of 3.0 l/ha, has an inhibitory effect on cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae L.). The biological effectiveness of the preparation on the 7th day after treatment was 99.4 %, on the 14th day – 99.2 %.
The economic effectiveness of the biopreparation EMULPAR 940, CS is due to an increase in the yield of white cabbage by 14.4 % in relation to the control.
A comparative evaluation of bunching lettuce root system volume when grown in winter greenhouses in turf substratum with additions of agroperlite and expanded clay has been сarried out. The component ratios that ensure active development of bunching lettuce root system with constant recirculation of the nutrient solution (flow hydroponics) have been determined.
The article presents the research results on the degree of selenium accumulation by garlic plants depending on the growing conditions in Belarus.
The studies were conducted on winter and spring forms of garlic. Significant differences between clones in selenium content were distinguished. Varieties and clones containing maximum of selenium were selected among the studied samples. The most promising samples with a complex of economic features have been identified for further selection.
The article presents the research results on the species composition of phytopathogens of onion in the seed production of original and reproduction seeds in Belarus.
It has been established that the most common and harmful diseases of onion seed plants during the growing season are mildew, stemphiliosis, alternariosis, bacterial rot, cladosporiosis, star-shaped jaundice. The percentage of diseased mother bulbs of onions during storage, depending on the variety sample, varied from 0.6 to 16.6 % in 2019 and from 1.0 to 20.2 % in 2020.
The contamination of seeds depends on species composition. On onion seeds the infection of Alternaria, Сlacrosporium, Aspergillus, Botrytis and Рenicillium fungi is detected. A bacterial infection is also detected. The species composition of infections did not depend on the cultivated variety and growing conditions.
The results of researches on productivity and amino acid composition of leguminous vegetable crops (green beans, vegetable beans, soya beans) depending on application of fertilizers are presented.
The best agronomic efficiency is obtained with the use of mineral fertilizers N50P40K90: the yield of green beans grain was 37.9 centners per hectare with raw protein content of 23.4 %, vegetable beans – 67.1 centners per hectare and 19.8 %, soya beans – 27.5 centners per hectare and 31.2 %.
The content of essential amino acids in the seeds of green beans was 71.1 g/kg of grain, in the seeds of vegetable beans – 74.5 g/kg, in the seeds of soya beans – 82.8 g/kg with the essential amino acids content in the protein is 303.9, 376.3 and 265.5 mg/g of protein respectively.
The article presents the results of the original material study for the greenhouse cucumbers selection. According to a range of economically valuable traits (productivity, morphological characteristics of a plant, leaves, fruits), two hybrid combinations F1 L.167´L.145 and L.12´L.8 were distinguished.
The article presents the research results on the cucumber selective breeding on open and protected ground, as well as the varieties and hybrids which are included in the National Register of varieties and hard-shrub species of the Republic of Belarus.
The results obtained indicate that LED lighting at the initial stages of ontogenesis contributes not only to the formation of well-developed plants under the controlled lightning conditions, but also lays the foundation for the formation of fruits with higher biochemical parameters. Genotypic differences in the response of experimental sweet pepper plants to the aftereffect of LED lighting of different spectral composition have been revealed. It was experimentally proved that there is a positive effect of an individual spectrum of LED lighting, used at the initial stages of ontogenesis, on the quality of fruits, which manifested itself in an increase in the content of anthocyanin by 350.0 %, and carotene – by 143.4 %, compared with the no treatment variant.
The results of the assessment of 10 collection radish samples are presented. The sources of the main selection features have been highlighted. Samples were selected for further selection.
The article describes the stages of creating xeromorphic radish biotypes.
The results of the creation of drought-resistant radish biotypes have been presented. Xeromorphic forms have been distinguished.
In its ability to store for a long time spring garlic is superior to winter garlic. In Belarus spring garlic is not grown on an industrial scale because the crop is characterized by small size bulbs, consisting of a large number of small cloves. In the local agronomic culture, garlic refers to cold-resistant plants. In this paper, by analogy with the southern non-bolting forms, it is proposed to consider the local spring form of garlic as thermophilic and, accordingly, to grow it through seedlings or at least winter store perform it warm. These techniques allow you to get a crop containing more than 50 % of large bulbs over 20 g, consisting of large cloves.
The article presents the results of a multi-year research on green bean varieties of different ecological and geographical origin. Solnyshko (midripening) and Kormilitsa (early ripening) varieties of Siberian selection have been distinguished. For these varieties, new methods of cultivating beans for pods and seeds were developed and recommended, such as: sowing terms and seeding rates, the most optimal sowing and harvesting terms of green beans for the conveyor organization in the forest steppe of the Ob region.
The article presents the results of a study on the genotypic features of the biochemical composition (content of organic acids, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds) of microgreens of 14 varieties and hybrids of white cabbage of different ripening periods: Lipenskaya, Katana F1, Magnus F1, Zhnivenskaya, Grepala F1, Belorusskaya, Nadzeya, Akvarel F1, Dobrava F1, Mara, Zimovaya, Avatar F1, Belisar F1, Mandarin F1. It was found that the leading position in the varietal row in terms of the integral level of nutritional and vitamin value of the microgreens, assessed by a complex of biochemical characteristics, belonged to the Grepala variety, exceeding that of the standard Belorusskaya variety by 6.6 times. The rest of the tested objects, that were 1.4–2.8 times inferior to the Belorusskaya variety in this indicator, lagged behind the Grepala variety by 9–18 times.
The article presents the research results on the formation of biomass by microgreens of garden peas, depending on the duration of LED lighting (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 hours). It is established that the most optimal duration of LED lighting for the formation of biomass by microgreen is 14 hours. The lowest level of biomass accumulation (by 1.3 times), was characterized by microgreens grown at 8 and 10 hours of LED lighting and formed more elongated plants with a less formed stem-leaf apparatus, which reduced its marketability. The duration of LED lighting of 16 hours was optimal for experimental plants in the first week, and starting from the second week, or 8 days of cultivation, led to a decrease in biosynthesis and a slowdown in growth, which manifested in the form of twisting of leaves and a decrease in the marketable condition of microgreens by the time of harvest.
The article presents the study results on the genotypic features of the pigment fund of microgreen plastids of 14 varieties and hybrids of white cabbage of different ripening periods: Lipenskaya, Katana F1, Magnus F1, Zhnivenskaya, Grepala F1, Belorusskaya, Nadzeya, Akvarel F1, Dobrava F1, Mara, Zimovaya, Avatar F1, Belizar F1, Mandarin F1. It was found that the most saturated stock of photosynthetic pigments had the microgreen samples of varieties Akvarel, Avatar and, to a lesser extent, Nadzeya and Lipenskaya, while the most unsaturated stock had the samples of Magnus, Katana, Belizar and especially Dobrava varieties.
The article presents information on the correlation between the main economic traits of dill.
In the early ripening varieties of common dill, there is a strong correlation between the ripening rate and nitrate content (r = 0.83); carotene content and nitrate content (r = 0.69), nitrate content and yield (r = 0.59).
In the mid ripening varieties, there is carotene and nitrate content correlation (r = 0.51). In the middle-late and late varieties, an inverse correlation between these indicators was determined (r = –0.21 and –0.32 respectively). Inverse correlations between «plant height» and Vitamin C indicators, and «plant height» and nitrate content indicators were determined (r = –0.58, r = –0.67 respectively).
Allelopathic activity of minor aromatic and essential oil crops has been studied.
It has been established that different types of aromatic and essential oil plants have a negative, neutral and positive allelopathic effect on the germination of seeds and the length of the lettuce sprouts. Allelopathic properties also depend on the saturation of water solutions of the green mass of the plants studied.
Regardless of the exposure period, the plants of common hyssop and lavender exhibited the most inhibitory properties; plants of oregano, borage and basil showed medium inhibitory properties; plants of rue, bigroot geranium, garlic chives and blue fenugreek showed neutral and positive allelopathic properties.
The article presents the results of the gene pool assessment of pumpkin crops. Samples with a complex of basic economic and biological traits have been identified.
The article presents the data of three-year studies on the efficiency of various water supply systems to each tomato plant individually on sod-podzolic light loam soil. The studied methods of irrigation ensured a decrease in the production cost and an increase in the level of profitability by 5–10 %.
As a result of a 4-year research conducted to study the effect of mineral fertilizers rates when growing garlic on various organic soil types under drip irrigation conditions, it was revealed that the most economically profitable rates of fertilizers were N60P60K90 and N75P75K120, which provided an increase in bulb yield by 1.9–2.4 t/ha or 29–39 %, increased marketability by 2–3 % and increased total amount of sugars and ascorbic acid by 0.2–0.3 % and 0.3–0.6 mg%, respectively.
The article presents the effects of a complex organic mineral granular fertilizer of prolonged action on the morphometric indicators and yield of squash and sweet pepper.
The article presents the results of a study on the effectiveness of various doses and types of nitrogen fertilizers for tomato cultivation. It was found that the replacement of urea with ammonium sulfate contributed to a decrease in yield and increase in the incidence rate of blossom end rot, in addition, it influenced the indicators of their biochemical composition. It was discovered that pink-fruited tomatoes are more sensitive to blossom end rot than redfruited when using ammonium sulfate as a fertilizer.
The article presents the results of the evaluation of 12 initial samples of hard rind pumpkin of gymnosperms (var. Styriaca G.) and oval (var. Pepo S.) varieties of Belarusian selection in order to determine their pair correlation depending on the yield of fruits and seeds, as well as biochemical parameters of seeds: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, macro- and microelements. According to the correlation (R) and determination (R2) coefficients, direct and inverse correlation relationships with high, medium, and low values have been determined. Based on the correlation and determination coefficients, the percentage of dependent values of one trait from another was determined.
The samples of hard rind pumpkin of Delta, Golosemyanno-pletistaya, Golosemyanno-kustovaya, Line 2-3, Line 2-4, Line 2-5 were evaluated for seed production (seed yield, percentage of seed yield from fruits) and biochemical parameters of their seeds for the content of proteins and amino acids, fats and fatty acids, vitamins, minerals. Their statistical indices were determined by the coefficients of variation (V%) and evenness (B%).
Discusses the prospects for organizing the production of food beans in the Republic of Belarus. An analysis of market trends shows that over the past five years, from 537.8 to 789.2 tons of beans in the amount of 557.2–792.1 thousand US dollars have been imported into the country. The demand of the domestic market for beans grain (taking into account the self-sufficiency of rural residents, the sale of food beans in the retail network, as well as canned food of domestic and foreign production) is estimated at 1.000 tons. Certain technological aspects of growing beans, which are very different from the main supplying countries, are considered. The existing prerequisites for organizing the production of food beans in Belarus on industrial basis are analyzed. Despite the available assortment of varieties, it is required to create an early ripening variety suitable for mechanized harvesting. In addition, it is necessary to clarify individual elements of the technology for growing food beans in Belarus. The developed elements of the technology for growing beans should provide the maximum mechanization of sowing, plantation care, harvesting and post-harvest grain processing, as well as using of plant protection products from weeds, diseases and pests.
The design and technological features of modern glass greenhouses of the fifth generation of the semi-closed type are reviewed. Semi-closed greenhouses allow for high yields with less material resources. Schematic diagrams and calculations of physical processes during the operation of such greenhouses are presented.
The article reflects the proposals for winter block greenhouses modernization. It features the installation work peculiarities, which must be taken into account when developing technological solutions for the curtain system. The article presents the options for performing installation work in constrained conditions, without stopping the production.
